Today, CO₂ is primarily transported through pipelines, but transport by ship is also an option. Repurposing existing infrastructure, rather than constructing new pipelines, can reduce both project risk and commercial burden.

Larger-scale deployment of CCS will likely require new as well as repurposed pipelines to connect emitters to storage facilities. Many inland facilities will also need to be connected to coastal hubs for CO₂ export or subsea storage.

Challenges include:

Fracture control
Corrosion
Flow assurance and operational issues
Impurity control
Managing risk of release and dispersion of CO₂
Stakeholder consent (social license).

DNV supports the safety, efficiency, and integrity of CO₂ pipelines

DNV enables the safe and efficient transport of CO₂ by supporting both the design of new pipelines and the reuse of existing infrastructure. This includes knowledge of design, construction, installation, integrity, operation, inspection and maintenance, as well as compression, flow acoustics and safety.

Key services and software include:

Corrosion monitoring and interpretation
Material selection, structural design and fatigue assessments
Pipeline ductile fracture (crack arrest) evaluation
Requalification of pipelines
Services and software for pipeline flow assurance
Consequence modelling and risk analysis
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling of CO₂ leaks and dispersion
Hi-fidelity transient surge analysis and design surge mitigation measures
Leak detection and real-time monitoring of entire system pressures, inventories, and flows, and ensuring continued operations within the required phase envelope
Realistic flight-simulator style operator training and qualification.