Course topics
The following topics will be addressed:Introduction to power system protection
• Protection concepts
• main and backup protection
• security and dependability
• selectivity
• Protection types
• fuses
• overcurrent protection
• differential protectiones
• distance protection
• Protection technologies
• Protection philosophies
• Protection setting plans
Introduction to power systems
• Network topologies
• Smart Grids
• Renewable energy sources
• System grounding
• Behaviour of power systems under fault conditions (introduction)
• Power system calculations
Power system and power system protection calculations
• Modelling of power systems
• Type of power system calculations
• Symmetrical component method
• Short circuit calculations
• Protection coordination studies
• Arc flash studies (introduction)
Symmetrical component method
• Theory
• Examples
Use of software programs for fault calculations (demonstration)
• Demonstration of PowerFactory
• Demonstration of ETAP
Protection Technologies
• Electromechanical
• Static
• Digital
• Operation of digital relays
• Protection algorithms
Instrument transformers
• Current transformers
• Voltage transformers
• Non conventional instrument transformers
Circuit breakers
• Types
• Specifications
Protection of power transformers
• Guidelines for protection of power transformers
• Protection concepts for power transformers
• Protection equipment typically used for power transformers
• Setting guidelines
• fuses
• overcurrent protection
• transformer differential protection
• restricted earth fault protection
Worked examples on power system protection
Protection of power cables and lines
• Guidelines for protection of power cables and lines
• Protection concepts for power cables and lines
• Protection equipment typically used for power cables and lines
• Overcurrent protection
• setting guidelines
• Distance protection
• Differential protection
Worked example earth fault
Distance protection
• Operating principles
• Trip characteristic types
• Power Swing Blocking
Worked examples distance protection
Protection of substations
• Guidelines for protection of substations
• Protection concepts for substations
• Protection equipment typically used for substations
• Setting guidelines
• Busbar protetction
• low impedance differential protection
• high impedance differential protection
• arc detection
• Worked examples
Protection of motors
• Guidelines for protection of motors
• Protection concepts for motors
• Protection equipment typically used for motors
• Setting guidelines
• thermal overload
• starting protection
• load jam protection
• locked rotor protection
• Worked examples
Special protection functions
• Switch onto fault protection
• Supervision of instrument transformers
• Trip circuit supervision
• Autoreclose
Protection of generators
• Operating diagram
• Protection devices
Arc flash studies
• Safety
• Standards
• Execution of an arc flash study
Frequency and voltage protection
• From components to system protection
• System disturbance
• Frequency protection
• Voltage protection
Wide area protection
• Basic concepts of wide area protection
• Phasor measurement unit
• Application of wide area protection systems
Protection of HVDC networks
• Protection concepts for HVDC networks
• Protection of point-to-point HVDC connections
• Protection of meshed HVDC networks
• Worked examples
• DC breakers
• need for DC breakers
• latest development
Relay setting managment
• Demonstration of setting software
• Relay logic
Testing of power system protections
• Standards
• Test plan development
• Test equipment
• Closed loop versus open loop testing
• Examples of test plans
• Commissioning test sheets
Failure investigations
• Approach
• Tools
• Examples
IEC 61850
• The digital substation
• Introduction to the IEC 61850 Standard
• Engineering of protection system using IEC 61850
• Testing of power system protection systems based on IEC 61850
• Points of attention when applying IEC 61850 Standard
• Conformance
• Worked examples
Trends in power system protection
• Unconventional instrument transformers
• Adaptive protections
• Wide area protection
• IEC 61850
• The digital substation
• Distribution automation
Protection of power systems with high degree of renewable energy resources
• Impact of renewable energy sources on classical protection concepts
• Protection of wind turbines
• Protection of solar power plants
• Separate standar for PV fuses
• Worked examples
Evaluation and Records of completion
Close
Please note that the order of topics in this schedule is random and may be adapted and changed before or even during the training.