Unlocking industrial flexibility: The virtual battery

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This case study explores how Nyrstar Netherlands has embedded demand side flexibility into zinc production by expanding electrolysis capacity at its Budel facility. As one of the Netherlands’ largest industrial electricity consumers, Nyrstar can adjust production in near real time in response to market signals, creating a “virtual battery” with around 70 MW of flexible capacity and three to four days of storage. Activated within minutes, this flexibility delivers over 6% energy savings at base load and illustrates how industrial processes can provide long duration flexibility that complements batteries while supporting a resilient, decarbonized electricity system.